Who will win the drug race??????????????


SETBACK FOR MANY ASPIRANTS SPORTSPERSONS……

INTRODUCTION:

The issue of using banned drugs in sports is ever increasing day by day. The incidents of adultering drugs within the food supplement by foreign coaches are at an alarming stage. Due to this, the opportunities of many athletes are denied. The sportsperson are unaware about the usage of drugs by them until various doping tests reveal them. The origin of word ‘doping’ has been derived from ‘dope’ an alcoholic drink used as a stimulant, but some say it came from Dutch word ‘doop’ which was mixing tobacco with seeds of Datura stramonium which contains a number of tropane alkaloids causing sedation, confusion and hallucination. The main oxygen carrying red blood cells with a view to enhance athletic performance. Latest doping method is “hypoxia inducible factor pathway’ and taking cobalt chloride

Drug abuse in sports:

Performance enhancing drugs (PEDs) are needed to improve athletic performance. These produce both potentiating as well as prehabilitation effects. The different types of PEds are lean mass builders, stimulants, sedatives, diuretics; masking drugs etc. In the class of stimulants, amphetamines and ephedrine are most prevalent in them. The banned lists of stimulants include adrenaline, cropropamides, crotetamide, heptaminol, cyclazadone, fenbutrazate, sibutramine etc. the term stimulant applies to prescription, non prescription and dietary supplements that produce both psychological and physical stimulation. Anabolic-Androgenic steroids are synthetic analogues of testosterone, there are 2 actions produced such as anabolic (muscle building) and androgenic (maculinizing) in nature. The use of anabolic androgenic steroids is most prevalent among body builders etc. the combination of these along with intense physical training and high protein diet is most effective method of building strength and muscle. Diuretics are substances that increases rate of urine formation.
They are included in the weight lifting category sports such as boxing weightlifting and wrestling. Glucocorticoids are synthetic drugs which are related to the corticosteroid hormones. These are used to depress inflammation and pain. Beta-2agonists are popularly used by the athletics in Olympic Games claiming that they have asthma and excessive induced asthma. Peptide hormones like human growth hormones (hGH) - is used in development of bones, boost the heart function and also stimulate the breakdown of fats. Erythropoietin (EPO) stimulates production of RBCs in bone marrow. Caffeine has been used in sports as a stimulant to counter drowsiness, to improve endurance and to enhance the body building work outs. Masking agents are the substances that the athletes might use to prevent drugs in their urine sample. Beta-blockers are used to improve performance in anaerobic events that require steadiness and control as in shooting and archery. Dietary supplements are also called ‘nutraceuticals’ are also used to increase endurance or to enhance the energy production.
Androstenedoine, dehydroepiandrosterone, creatine are some of the hormones used in dietary supplements.


Drug testing:

It is done by both statistical validity and as test methods. Test methods are in which the urine samples divided into A and B. when the athletes A sample reveals the presence of a prohibited substance; then the method is to request the analysis of his or her B sample to reconfirm its presence. The B sample helps to confirm that an anti doping rule violation has occurred. Most common cheating tests are done using urine replacement, using diuretics and blood transfusion.



How different drugs can be detected:

Anabolic steroids and their byproducts are detected easily in the urine using mass spectrometry. Human growth hormones (hGH) are detected using ‘Molecular markers’. For detecting EPO involves use of protein called trasnsferin which could be an indirect marker of EPO use.



Elite athletes use prescriptions medicines more than twice as often as non-athletes; these put them to adverse effects. 4 types of medications used are anti allergic medicines, non steroidal anti inflammatory (NSAIDs), anti  asthmatic medicines, oral antibiotics etc. speed, power and endurance athletes used more medications than athletes in skill based events and team sports; with speed and power athletes particularly are heavy users of NSAIDs


CASE STUDIES:

1.    SETBACK FOR INDIAN HOMES IN RELAY AS TWO WOMEN TEST POSITIVE.

In huge setback to India in its preparation for 19th Asian athletic championship held in Kobe from July 7th. Two of the leading women quarter milers have tested positive out of competition tests conducted by IAAF. They were among the top force in the country last year. They have raised suspicions about AFIs training programme, the role of coaches especially foreign and the backing being given by the government agencies.

2.    STIMULANT USE: MANDEEP, MURMU CAUGHT RED HANDED.

            IAAF tests turn positive for mandeep; murmur has their urine samples containers epimathediol, metabolites and stanosolol. According to the athletes; during their training outside, after having certain food supplements that contained banned drugs reported them to be positive.

3.    BANNED DRUGS USED AVAILABLE IN PATIALA.

            In another shocking incident; exposes the easy availability of PEDs with local chemist in Patiala; that hosts the National Institute of Sports. Even though anabolic steroids are prescription drugs; they are available as OTC drugs.

Different campaigns are also launched against the drug abuse like ‘PLAY ASTERISK FREE’ now known as “DON’T BE AN ASTERISK”

Anti Doping Research (ADR), Anti Doping Science Institute, banned substances Control Groups, World Anti Doping Agency (ADA) are some of the organizations working against the drug abuse in sports.
A web based system known as Anti Doping Administration and Management System (ADAMS) which was launched in 2006 decided to coordinate anti doping activities worldwide under the world anti doping code.



HOW TO BUILD A DRUG FREE TEAM:

It can be done by knowing the social- psychological profile of athletes. At risk of doping and some expert tips. Researchers compared the attitudes, personal norms, self efficiency and social influences to determine the factor that had greatest influence on intention to use PED.

They classified them in to current users (15% of the population), former users (18% of the population) and non PED user. 29% of them also acknowledged their intention to use PED in future. Attitudes towards competitiveness, winning and achievements of goals are very much related to doping behavior. 
 



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WHO WILL WIN THE DRUG RACE???




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