Pharmabuzz

Introduction: Causative organism:  Mycobacterium tuberculosis . Tuberculosis  ( MTB , TB ) is an  infectious disease  usually caused by the bacterium  Mycobacterium tuberculosis . Tuberculosis generally affects the  lungs , but can also affect other parts of the  body.  Tuberculosis is  spread through the air  when people who have active TB in their lungs cough, spit, speak, or sneeze.  People with latent TB do not spread the disease. Active infection occurs more often in people with  HIV/AIDS  and in those who smoke. Diagnosis of active TB is based on  chest X-rays , as well as  microscopic  examination and  culture  of body fluids. Diagnosis of latent TB relies on the  tuberculin skin test  (TST) or blood tests. Prevention of TB involves screening those at high risk, early detection and treatment of cases, and  vaccination  with the  bacillus Calmette-Guérin  vaccine (BCG) . Antibiotic resistance  is a growing problem with increasing rates of  multiple drug-resistant

IBRANCE is targeted for post-menopausal women with advanced disease IBRANCE® (palbociclib) is the first and only FDA-approved medication in a new class of treatment for postmenopausal women with ER+/HER2- metastatic breast cancer. Pfizer's IBRANCE  (palbociclib) inhibits molecules that play a role in the growth of cancer cells. It is intended for postmenopausal women with estrogen receptor (ER)-positive, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-negative metastatic  breast cancer  who have not yet received endocrine-based therapy, the FDA said. IBRANCE is taken in combination with letrozole , a commonly used hormone therapy.  A combination of IBRANCE with LETROZOLE delayed disease progression 2X longer than letrozole alone.  Common side effects of IBRANCE: Low white and red blood cell counts, fatigue, nausea, upper respiratory infection, diarrhea, vomiting, hair loss, inflammation of the lining of the mouth, decreased appetite, nosebleeds, and damage to t

Zika virus: i s a member of the  Flaviviridae  virus  family  and the  Flavivirus   genus . Zika virus is spread to people through mosquito bites.   The most common symptoms of Zika virus disease are: Fever  Rash Joint pain Conjunctivitis (red eyes) The illness is usually mild with symptoms lasting from several days to a week. A mother already infected with Zika virus near the time of delivery can pass on the virus to her newborn around the time of birth, but this is rare. This leads to microcephaly. What is microcephaly? Microcephaly is condition where a baby’s head is much smaller than expected. During pregnancy, a baby’s head grows because the baby’s brain grows. Microcephaly can occur because a baby’s brain has not developed properly during pregnancy or has stopped growing after birth, which results in a smaller head size. Microcephaly can be an isolated condition, meaning that it can occur with no other major birth defects, or it can occur in combinati